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ECHOCARDIOGRAM (ECHO)

Echocardiogram

Also known simply as an ?echo,? an echocardiogram of the heart?s chambers and valves is called a transthoracic echocardiogram. The word ?transthoracic? means ?across the chest.? It is a painless test that is very similar to an x-ray but without the radiation. Instead of using x-rays, it uses high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to get a picture of the four heart chambers and the four heart valves. The sound waves bounce back from the heart chambers and valves, producing images and sounds that can be used by the physician to detect damage and disease. Because it does not involve any of the radiation that an x-ray does, it is a very safe test. In fact, it uses the same technology that is used to evaluate a baby?s health before birth.

To perform a transthoracic echocardiogram, a special gel is placed on the chest over the area being examined. A small device (transducer) is then moved over the gelled area and images can be seen immediately on a video monitor.

There are different types of echocardiograms, which including:

* One-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional echocardiograms. Produce detailed images of the heart.

* Doppler ultrasound. Measures the speed (velocity) with which blood is traveling through the heart.

* Stress echocardiogram. Measures the wall motion of the heart?s pumping chamber before and immediately after exercise (on a treadmill or stationary bicycle).

* Chemical stress echocardiogram. Measures the wall motion of the heart?s pumping chamber using a drug that causes the heart to react as if the person were exercising.

* Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). Produces clear images of the heart structures and valves, without the interference of the chest wall and lungs. A transducer is placed down the patient?s throat, into the esophagus.

* Intravascular echocardiogram. Produces clear images of plaque and calcium deposits on the inside of a blood vessel. A transducer is placed inside the blood vessel.

Sumber: http://www.heartcenteronline.com